PSG has now secured the prestigious trophy on fourteen separate times.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the match between the French league champions and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille fired twice in the closing moments to seize a shock lead. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital leveler in the final moments to force the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 penalty win.
The record winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the last thirteen seasons.